This is for the front end Fan Pages and Groups that users can make. A Fan Page can be Liked and a Group can be Joined. 

We Like a page because normally a page would be a business, famous person, political figure, etc and so we would Like those sorts of things (well some would rather dislike the political figures).

We Join a group because normally a group is for things like clubs, self-help groups, etc where members would like to Join that sort of thing. Members normally Join groups to be a part of the group and participate in group things.

These have different settings allowed for them. For example:

If you make a Group, you can set it to be Public, Private or Secret in the permissions and you can't do that with a fan page. 

A group has more privacy settings as a membership type of feature needs more privacy. The Fan Page would not involve more privacy because are normally public promotional areas. 

Also, the Group will show a block to see the members of the Group, whereas, a Fan Page will show a block with followers that like it.

Group:

Page: